| It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his twoness,-- an American, a Negro; two warring souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. [W.E.B. DuBois] |
My old man's a white old man
And my old mother's black.
If ever I cursed my white old man
I take my curses back.
If ever I cursed my black old mother
And wished she were in hell,
I'm sorry for that evil wish
And now I wish her well.
My old man died in a fine big house.
My ma died in a shack.
I wonder where I'm going to die,
Being neither white nor black?


Known during his lifetime as "the poet laureate of Harlem,"
Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri on February 1, 1902, second child of Carrie Langston
Hughes and James Hughes. His mother, Carrie, or Carolina, was born near Lakeview in
Douglas County, Kansas and attended school in Lawrence.
Her mother was Mary Sampson Patterson Leary Langston, who was prominent
in the African American community in Lawrence. Her first husband had died at Harper's Ferry
fighting with John Brown; her second husband, Langston's grandfather, was a prominent Kansas
politician during Reconstruction.
Shortly after her son was born James and Carrie divorced. Carrie brought her small boy to Lawrence where he spent much of the years 1903 to 1915 with his mother's mother. During the time Hughes lived with his grandmother, she was
old and poor and unable to give Langston the attention he needed. Growing older, Langston felt hurt by both his
mother and his father, and was unable to understand why he was not allowed to live with either of
them. These feelings of rejection caused him to grow up very insecure and unsure of himself.
Gifted, he began writing poetry in High School.
His father (practising law in Toluca, Mexico) promised to help sponsor his studies at Columbia -- if he pursued engineering. But very early he published "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" in The Crisis --- and was hooked on poetry.
He studied at Columbia
University from 1921 to 1922 before serving on a ship to Africa. (See the Blyden thesis: Africa's spirituality.) He then
worked for a time in Paris. After his return to the United States, he worked
as a busboy in Washington, D.C. There, in 1925, his literary skills were
discovered after he left three of his poems beside the plate of American poet
Vachel Lindsay, who recognized Hughes's abilities and subsequently helped
to publicize Hughes's work.
In New York City, Hughes merged into the Harlem arts scene, associated with the premier writers and many of the top blues and jazz musicians of the time, and soon rose to the top in the eyes of the public.
His name is thus connected with that historic movement known as the Harlem Renaissance, and he is generally considered its most representative poet, with others (like Countee Cullen) not far behind. He died in 1967.
For more
Langston Hughes info.
The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes

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| Because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve. President Barack Obama |
| By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter; Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season; Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward. [Hebrews 11: 24-26] |
Hinge-Point of History A New Birth of Freedom? The Obama Moment for our Nation Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, Anne Montague. The Colour of Love: Mixed Race Relationships Karen Alonso. Loving V. Virginia: Interracial Marriage (Landmark Supreme Court Cases) Rosemary Anne Breger, Rosanna Hill (editors). Cross-Cultural Marriage: Identity and Choice Ellis Cose. Color-Blind: Seeing Beyond Race in a Race-Obsessed World Gary Crester, Joseph Leon (ed.) Intermarriage in the United States: Marriage and Family Review; Volume Five, Number One (hardcover) Janet Bode, Iris Rosoff. Different Worlds: Interracial and Cross-Cultural Dating Joel Crohn, Ph.D. Mixed Matches: How to Create Successful Interracial, Interethnic, and Interfaith Relationships Fawcett Books, February 1995 Alvis O. Davis. It Won't Hurt to Know : What White Men Think About Black Women Sexually, What Black Women Think About White Men Sexually, What Black Men & Women Think F. James Davis. Who is Black: One Nation's Definition
J. Lawrence Driskill.
Cross-Cultural Marriages and the Church: Living the Global Neighborhood Ruth Frankenberg. White Women, Race Matters : The Social Construction of Whiteness
Funderburg, Lise.
Black, White, Other: Biracial Americans Talk About Race and Identity. Pearlfuyo Fuyo Gaskins, ed. What Are You?: Voices of Mixed-Race Young People Kathleen Gay. The Rainbow Effect: Interracial Families Alfred Gordon. Intermarriage Bryan J. Grapes (editor). Interracial Relationships Jessie Carroll Grearson and Lauren B. Smith. Swaying: Essays on Intercultural Love Shirlee Taylor Haizlip. The Sweeter the Juice: A Family Memoir in Black and White Man Keung Ho. Building a Successful Intermarriage Between Religions, Social Classes, Ethnic Groups or Races Man Keung Ho. Intermarried Couples in Therapy (hardcover) Helen L. Horowitz and Kathy Peiss. Love across the Color Line: The Letters of Alice Hanley to Channing Lewis Martha Hodes. White Women, Black Men: Illicit Sex in the Nineteenth-Century South Walton R. Johnson, D. Michael Warren (editor). Inside the Mixed Marriage: Accounts of Changing Attitudes, Patterns, and Perceptions of Cross-Cultural and Interracial Marriages James Hugo Johnston. Race Relations in Virginia and Miscegenation in the South, 1776-1860 Gigi Kaeser, Peggy Gillespie, Glenda Valentine. Of Many Colors: Portraits of Multiracial Families Terri Karis, Richard Powell, and Paul Rosenblatt. Multiracial Couples: Black and white voices Tracy Elaine K'Meyer. Interracialism and Christian Community in the Postwar South : The Story of Koinonia Farm Keith Lane. Why Black Men and White Women Leave Home: Discover the Spirit of Love Cloyte M. Larsson (editor). Marriage Across the Color Line Mary Lott. Mixed Messages Mark and Gail Mathabane. Love in Black and White : The Triumph of Love over Prejudice and Taboo Mark and Gail Mathabane. Love in Black and White : The Triumph of Love over Prejudice and Taboo Robert P. McNamara, Maria Tempenis, Beth Walton. Crossing The Line Kevin J. Mumford. Interzones: Black/White Sex Districts in Chicago and NYC in the Early 20th Century Gary B. Nash. Forbidden Love: The Secret History of Mixed-Race America Renea D. Nash. Coping with Interracial Dating Ernest Porterfield. Black and White Mixed Marriages Dugan Ramano. Intercultural Marriage : Promises and Pitfalls Maureen Reddy. Crossing the Color Line : Race, Parenting, and Culture Edward Byron Reuter. Mulatto in the United States Joel Augustus Rogers. Sex and Race; Negro-Caucasian Mixing in All Ages and All Lands Vol. I: The Old World, New York: Helga M. Rogers, 1967. Vol. II: The New World, 1942. Vol. III: Why White and Black Mix in Spite of Opposition, 1944; Volume IV: Why White and Black Do Mate. Joel Augustus Rogers. Nature Knows No Color-Line : Research into the Negro Ancestry in the White Race. ISBN: 0960229450 Maria P.P. Root. Love's Revolution: Racial Intermarriage Maria P.P. Root, ed. The Multiracial Experience: The Racial Borders As The New Frontier Maria P.P. Root, ed. Racially Mixed People In America Ellen B. Senisi (photographer), Kathy Tucker (editor). For My Family, Love, Allie Robert J. Sickels. Race, marriage and the law Reger C. Smith, Ph.D. Two Cultures; One Marriage : Pre-Marital Counseling for Mixed Marriages Werner Sollors. Interracialism: Black-White Intermarriage in American History, Literature & Law Werner Sollors. Neither Black nor White yet Both: Thematic Explorations of Interracial Lit Jon Michael Spencer The New Colored People: The Mixed-Race Movement in America Paul R. Spickard. Mixed Blood: Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth-Century America Dr. Lawrence R. Tenzer. A Completely New Look At Interracial Sexuality: Public Opinion and Select Commentaries Lawrence R. Tenzer. The Forgotten Cause of the Civil War: A New Look at the Slavery Issue Barbara Tizard and Ann Phoenix. Black, White, or Mixed Race?: Race and Racism in the Lives of Young People of Mixed Parentage . Routledge, 1993 Paul L. Wachtel. Race in the Mind of America: Breaking the Vicious Circle between Blacks and Whites Joseph R. Washington,Jr. Marriage in Black and White Wen-Shing Tseng. Adjustment in the Intercultural Marriage Bea Wehrly, Kelley R. Kenney, Mark E. Kenney. Counseling Multiracial Families Steve White, Ruth White. Free Indeed: The Autobiography of an Interracial Couple Doris Wilkinson. Black Male - White Female Gregory Howard Williams, Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black Joel Williamson. New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States Marguerite Wright. I'm Chocolate, You're Vanilla: Raising Healthy Black and Biracial Children in a Race-Conscious World: A Guide for Parents and Teachers Naomi Zack, ed. American Mixed Race: The Culture of Microdiversity Recommended: Quakers and African-Americans (genealogy resource)
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Have we not all one father? Hath not one God created us? Why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother, By profaning the covenant of our fathers? Malachi 2:10 Are ye not as the children of the Ethiopians unto Me, O children of Israel, saith the Lord. Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt, And the Philistines from Caphtor, And Aram (Syria) from Kir. Amos 9: 7 |
G Praxeis Apostolon Epoiesen te ex enos haimatos pan ethnos anthropon
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America's Patchwork HeritageOur glorious melting pot nationCrevecoeur writes [1782] to tell from whence come Americans. He offers a list of old world countries and regions that gave birth to this "mixture" -- or, as he also calls them, "this promiscuous breed, that race now called Americans." He praises their character, describing the wholesome motives driving them to escape their previous conditions, and how the new world has regenerated them. "What, then, is the American, this new man? He is neither an European nor the descendant of an European; hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country." He has left behind the ancient prejudices and manners of whatever old world locale he comes from, and has received new ones on these shores. "Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labours and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world."
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